Memorial International Historical and Human Rights Society
In 2004, Memorial recieved Right Livelihood Award for "for showing, in traumatic times, the importance of understanding the historical roots of human rights abuse, to secure respect for them in the future."
In 2009, Memorial won the European Parliament's annual Sakharov Prize, in memory of murdered activist Natalya Estemirova.
The Sakharov Prize, officially known as the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought and named after Russian scientist and dissident Andrei Sakharov, was established in December 1988 by the European Parliament. The prize is awarded to individuals who have made an exceptional contribution to the fight for human rights across the globe, drawing attention to human rights violations as well as supporting the laureates and their cause.
In 2004, Memorial won the Nansen Refugee Award for its wide range of services on behalf of forced migrants and internally displaced people in the Russian Federation, as well as refugees from Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
L'International Historical and Human Rights Society 'Memorial' est une association de défense des droits humains fondée en 1989 dans le but de préserver la mémoire sociétale des graves persécutions politiques de l'époque passée et moderne dans les anciennes républiques soviétiques. Memorial mène des recherches et organise des activités éducatives, le suivi et la documentation des violations des droits humains, et donne des conseils sociaux et juridiques aux réfugiés, aux personnes déplacées, aux prisonniers politiques et à leurs familles, et à d'autres groupes discriminés. En hommage à son travail en faveur des droits humains, Memorial a notamment reçu le prix Victor Gollancz, le prix Hermann Kesten, le prix Pax Christi International et le prix Max van der Stoel. En 2006 et 2011, Memorial a été nommée au Prix Nobel de la Paix.