Agressions de deux membres de COPINH
Dans la soirée du 10 octobre 2016, le coordinateur général de COPINH, M. Tomás Gómez Membreño, rentrait chez lui en voiture depuis les bureaux de l'organisation à La Esperanza, Intibucá, lorsque des hommes armés ont ouvert le feu contre son véhicule. Ce matin-là, un leader local de COPINH, M. Alexander García Sorto, a été réveillé par des tirs à travers la porte et les fenêtres de sa maison, alors qu'il dormait avec sa femme et ses deux filles à Llano Grande, Colomoncagua. Les deux défenseurs des droits humains ont survécu à ces tentatives d'assassinat.
Les membres de COPINH sont en danger extrême depuis que leur leader Berta Cáceres, lauréate du prix Goldmann Environmental, a été assassinée le 3 mars 2016. Mme Cáceres, militante reconnue et récompensée au niveau international, avait enduré des années d'acharnement judiciaire, de menaces et d'intimidations à cause de son travail contre la construction du projet hydroélectrique d'Agua Zarca, qui menaçait le bassin de la rivière Gualcarque considéré comme sacré par le peuple Lenca. Le 15 mars 2016, peu après l'assassinat de Berta Cáceres, un inconnu a abattu Nelson García, membre de COPINH, alors qu'il rentrait chez lui à Rio Lindo. Plus tôt ce jour-là, Nelson García, avait accompagné une communauté à Rio Chiquito qui avait été violemment expulsée par la police et l'armée.
COPINH milite depuis plus de 20 ans pour la défense du territoire et des droits du peuple Lenca; l'organisation mène des campagnes acharnées contre les activités forestières illégales et les méga-projets en raison de leur impact négatif sur les droits des populations autochtones dans le pays.
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- 9 Novembre 2016 : Attaques et harcèlement continus contre des membres de COPINH et des observateurs internationaux au Honduras
- 17 Octobre 2016 : Tentatives d'assassinat contre des leaders de COPINH
- 3 Juin 2016 : Trois mois après l'assassinat de Berta Cáceres, intensification des attaques contre les membres de COPINH
- 20 Avril 2016 : Honduran and international march to commemorate Berta Cáceres attacked by counter-protesters
- 16 Mars 2016 : Killing of human rights defender Nelson García from COPINH amidst escalating violence against environmental rights defenders
- 3 Mars 2016 : Assassination of human rights defender Berta Cáceres
- 16 Décembre 2015 : Military official held accountable for assassination of human rights defender Tomas García Domínguez
- 7 Mars 2014 : Attempted killing of human rights defender Ms María Santos Domínguez
- 11 Février 2014 : Dismissal of case against human rights defender Ms Berta Cáceres
- 28 Janvier 2014 : Temporary detention of human rights defender Ms Berta Cáceres
- 27 Janvier 2014 : Killing of human rights defender and indigenous Lenca leader Mr Justo Sorto
- 17 Janvier 2014 : Trial of human rights defenders Berta Cáceres, Tomás Gómez and Aureliano Molina provisionally suspended
- 11 Novembre 2013 : Incidents of harassment of human rights defender, Aureliano Molina Villanueva, and his lawyer
- 25 Septembre 2013 : Pre-trial detention order against human rights defender Berta Cáceres
- 12 Septembre 2013 : Human rights defenders Berta Cáceres, Tomás Gomez and Aureliano Molina to appear in court
- 18 Juillet 2013 : Killing of human rights defender Mr Tomas García
- 18 Juin 2013 : Human rights defender Ms Berta Cáceres granted temporary stay in proceedings due to lack of evidence
- 27 Mai 2013 : Arbitrary detention, and subsequent release, of Ms Berta Cáceres and Mr Tomás Gómez Membreño
- 3 Juillet 2012 : Joint letter from organisations raising concerns about the recent increase in attacks on human rights defenders in Honduras
- 15 Juin 2012 : Shots fired at HRD Messrs Juan Vásquez and Sotero Chavarría as they return from negotiations on a land conflict
Front Line Defenders est vivement préoccupée par les attaques, menaces et intimidations continues perpétrées contre les membres de COPINH et ceux qui les soutiennent, qui se sont intensifiées depuis le meurtre de Berta Cáceres dans la nuit du 2 mars 2016.
Le 25 octobre 2016, les services d'immigration de l'aéroport de Tegucigalpa ont empêché l'observateur international Luis Díaz de Terán López, qui accompagnait COPINH depuis deux ans, d'entrer au Honduras et l'ont expulsé.
Selon certaines sources, les autorités honduriennes ont détenu Luis Díaz à l'aéroport pendant 8 heures avant de le forcer à prendre un premier vol à destination du Salvador puis un autre pour la Colombie. Ses papiers et ses bagages ont été saisis et lui ont été restitués seulement à son arrivée à Bogotá. Lorsque Luis a récupéré ses effets personnels, il s'est rendu compte que les autorités avaient pris son disque dur et son appareil photo numérique.
Les agents de sécurité ont déclaré que l'observateur international, qui est un ressortissant espagnol, a été expulsé à cause de problèmes relatifs à son statut d'immigré. Cependant, alors qu'il attendait pour embarquer à bord du vol vers la Colombie, les agents de sécurité ont dit à Luis Díaz qu'ils l'expulsaient parce qu'il "ternit la réputation du Honduras en parlant dans les médias internationaux".
Ce n'est pas la première fois qu'un observateur international est pris pour cible au Honduras. Peu après l'assassinat de Berta, le 15 avril 2016, lors d'une marche de clôture d'une rencontre internationale de trois jours organisée pour commémorer la vie et le travail de Berta Cáceres, des manifestants ont été violemment agressés. Front Line Defenders a également participé à cet évènement aux côtés de nombreuses autres organisations internationales. Un mois plus tard, le 13 mai 2016, Giulia Fellin a été la cible d'une campagne de diffamation sur les réseaux sociaux. Un compte anonyme sur YouTube intitulé "Nos Queda Claro" (C'est clair pour nous) a posté une vidéo qui appelait à l'expulsion de Mme Fellin, l'accusant injustement d'incitation à la violence. Suite à cette campagne de diffamation, Giulia a décidé de quitter le pays plus tôt au lieu de prendre le risque de violence à son encontre ou à l'encontre d'autres membres de COPINH.
Le 20 octobre 2016, la police anti-émeute a attaqué un groupe de personnes qui participait à une marche pacifique organisée par COPINH et soutenue par l'OFRANEH et d'autres organisations à Tegucigalpa, “Marcha de la Resistencia por la Tierra, los Ríos y la Vida” (Marche de la résistance pour la terre, les rivières et la vie).
Lorsque les manifestants sont arrivés devant le ministère public et s'apprêtaient à tenir la cérémonie, la police anti-émeute a commencé à leur jeter des pierres et à les attaquer avec du gaz lacrymogène et des canons à eau. Selon COPINH, les personnes agressées étaient principalement des femmes non armées et des enfants. Plusieurs personnes ont été grièvement blessées.
Après l'attaque, Bertha Zúñiga Cáceres, la fille de Berta, a écrit sur sa page Facebook:
"Cela nous a pris des heures avant de pouvoir trouver nos amis et collègues qui se sont enfuis après l'attaque, et pour aider ceux qui étaient blessés. Les enfants étaient choqués et paniqués à cause du gaz lacrymogène et de toute la violence dont ils ont été témoins. Nous sommes outrés par l'usage excessif de la force par la police pendant une action pacifique. Ils n'ont entamé aucun dialogue avec nous, et ils n'avaient que faire des enfants et des personnes âgées qui étaient là".
Ils continuent à nous tuer et à nous stigmatiser mais nous continuerons à défendre notre droit à manifester et à parler ouvertement.
Il y a seulement 10 jours, dans la soirée du 10 octobre 2016, le coordinateur général de COPINH, M. Tomás Gómez Membreño, rentrait chez lui en voiture depuis les bureaux de l'organisation à La Esperanza, Intibucá, lorsque des hommes armés ont ouvert le feu contre son véhicule. Dans une autre attaque le même jour, le leader local de COPINH Alexander García Sorto a été réveillé par des coups de feu tirés à travers la porte et la fenêtre de sa maison à Llano Grande, dans le département de Colomoncagua. Les deux défenseurs des droits humains ont survécu à ces tentatives d'assassinat.
Ivi Oliveira, Coordinatrice de protection à Front Line Defenders pour la région Amériques, a déclaré: "Suite au tollé international provoqué par les assassinats de Berta Caceres, Nelson Garcia et Lesbia Urquia, nous espérions que le gouvernement du Honduras traduise enfin les coupables de ces violences en justice. Au lieu de cela, alors que le gouvernement parle beaucoup mais ne fait rien, le Honduras reste l'un des pays les plus dangereux au monde pour les défenseur-ses des droits humains, et les membres de COPINH et ceux qui les soutiennent restent les cibles de cette violence implacable".
Le gouvernement hondurien doit agir de toute urgence pour renverser cette violence et cette impunité.
En novembre, Front Line Defenders a déjà enregistré au moins 12 assassinats de défenseur-ses des droits humains dans le pays en 2016. Six suspects ont été arrêtés en lien avec le meurtre de Berta Cáceres. Cependant, les autorités n'ont pas identifié les personnes à l'origine de ce crime et l'enquête est entachée de vices de procédure. En outre, les autorités refusent de tenir la famille de Berta Cáceres informée des avancées de l'enquête.
Le 29 septembre, deux inconnus ont agressé María Luisa Ramos, magistrat de la Cour suprême de justice, alors qu'elle se déplaçait avec des documents, dont des preuves clés, liés à l'enquête. Les agresseurs ont fait sortir de force la magistrate de sa voiture et sont partis avec la voiture et les dossiers qui se trouvaient à l'intérieur.
La famille de Berta et COPINH appellent à l'ouverture d'une enquête internationale indépendante sur son assassinat, menée par la Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'Homme, car il y a de sérieux doutes quant à la capacité de la police hondurienne à enquêter, ainsi que des questions à propos des connaissances préalables du gouvernement et sa possible implication dans l'assassinat.
Front Line Defenders soutient l'appel de la famille de Berta et des membres de COPINH, et rappelle au gouvernement hondurien que toute enquête sur le meurtre de Berta doit prendre en compte son travail en faveur des droits humains, ainsi que les 33 autres menaces connues qu'elle a reçues tout en effectuant de son travail. Front Line Defenders exhorte aussi les autorités honduriennes à appliquer des mesures efficaces pour garantir l'intégrité physique et psychologique et la sécurité de la famille de Berta Cáceres et de tous les membres de COPINH.
Dans la soirée du 10 octobre 2016, le coordinateur général de COPINH, M. Tomás Gómez Membreño, rentrait chez lui en voiture depuis les bureaux de l'organisation à La Esperanza, Intibucá, lorsque des hommes armés ont ouvert le feu contre son véhicule. Ce matin-là, un leader local de COPINH, M. Alexander García Sorto, a été réveillé par des tirs à travers la porte et les fenêtres de sa maison, alors qu'il dormait avec sa femme et ses deux filles à Llano Grande, Colomoncagua. Les deux défenseurs des droits humains ont survécu à ces tentatives d'assassinat.
Tomás Gómez Membreño est coordinateur général du Consejo Civico de Organizaciones Populares e Indígenas de Honduras (Conseil civique des organisations indigènes populaires), une organisation du peuple Lenca qui plaide pour la conservation environnementale et les droits des populations autochtones. Alexander García Sorto a été élu leader de COPINH pour la communauté de Llano Grande, Colomoncagua.
Les membres de COPINH sont la cible de violences persistantes à cause de leur travail légitime en faveur des droits humains, et les attaques se sont intensifiées après l'assassinat de sa co-fondatrice et leader Berta Cáceres, également lauréate du Goldman Environmental Award, le 3 mars 2016. Le 15 mars 2016, peu après l'assassinat de Berta Cáceres, un inconnu a abattu Nelson García, membre de COPINH, alors qu'il rentrait chez lui à Rio Lindo. Le 5 mars 2016, la Commission interaméricaine des droits humains a accordé des mesures de précaution (n° 112-16) aux membres de COPINH, cependant elles ne sont pas correctement appliquées par les autorités honduriennes.
Tomás Gómez Membreño et Alexander García ont tous les deux déjà survécu à de précédentes tentatives d'assassinat. Le 8 mai 2016, Tomás Gómez Membreño se rendait à Tegucigalpa avec des collègues pour participer à une manifestation. En chemin, un véhicule de l'armée conduit par des militaires a commencé à les suivre et a tenté de les faire sortir de la route. Le conducteur a réussi à contrôler le véhicule, évitant de peu un accident. Le 6 mai 2016, un homme armé a tiré à plusieurs reprises sur Alexander García Sorto chez lui à Llano Grande. Il a été blessé à l'épaule gauche mais il a survécu à cette tentative d'assassinat. Le tireur a été identifié; il s'agit d'Enedicto Alvarado, un ancien membre de l'armée et gardien de sécurité privée qui avait déjà menacé de tuer Alexander García Sorto et fait preuve d'un comportement hostile envers les membres de COPINH. La police locale a brièvement placé M. Alvarado en détention, mais il a été remis en liberté le même jour après avoir été inculpé pour possession illégale d'armes à feu.
Front Line Defenders condamne les secondes tentatives d'assassinat contre les leaders de COPINH Tomás Gómez Membreño et Alexander García Sorto, et exhorte l'État hondurien à ouvrir une enquête indépendante, impartiale et exhaustive dans le but de traduire les coupables en justice. En outre, Front Line Defenders appelle les autorités du Honduras à appliquer de manière appropriée les mesures de précaution accordées par la Commission interaméricaine des droits humains, en accord avec les défenseurs des droits humains.
Aujourd'hui, cela fait trois mois que Berta Cáceres, une éminente défenseuse de l'environnement hondurienne, a été assassinée chez elle à Intibucá.
Depuis son assassinat le 3 mars 2016, les membres du Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Populares e Indígenas de Honduras - COPINH (conseil civique des organisations indigènes populaires du Honduras), l'organisation fondée par Berta en 1993, font face à de plus en plus d'actes de harcèlement, de menaces et d'attaques. De nombreux membres de COPINH ont du fuir leurs maisons à cause des risques auxquels ils doivent faire face.
Le 8 mai 2016, le coordinateur général de COPINH, Tomás Gómez Membreño, voyageait avec certains collègues pour participer à une manifestation à Tegucigalpa, la capitale. En chemin, un véhicule de l'armée conduit par des militaires a commencé à les suivre et a tenté de les faire sortir de la route. Le conducteur a réussi à contrôler le véhicule,évitant de peu un accident. Quelques semaines plus tôt, M. Gómez Membreño a entendu des coups de feu devant chez lui.
Le 6 mai 2016, un inconnu a tiré plusieurs fois sur le leader de COPINH et défenseur des droits du peuple Lenca Alexander García Sorto, devant chez lui à Llano Grande, département de Colomoncagua, alors qu'il se rendait à une réunion avec d'autres collègues. M. García a été blessé à l'épaule gauche mais il a survécu à cette tentative d'assassinat. Le tireur a été identifié; il s'agit d'Enedicto Alvarado, un ancien membre de l'armée et gardien de sécurité privée qui avait déjà menacé de tuer M. García et fait preuve d'un comportement hostile envers les membres de COPINH.
La police locale a brièvement placé M. Alvarado en détention, mais il a été remis en liberté le même jour après avoir été inculpé pour possession illégale d'arme à feu. Alvarado menace désormais de finir ce qu'il a commencé et de tuer M. García. Alexander García défend les droits du peuple Lenca et il a pris la tête de sa communauté pour lutter pacifiquement contre la construction d'un barrage hydroélectrique qui affecterait les rivières Negro et Chinacla ainsi que l'accès à l'eau de la communauté. Le projet hydroélectrique est développé par AURORA S.A., une entreprise dirigée par le mari de la vice-présidente du Parlement, Mme Gladis Aurora López.
"Cela n'a pas suffit de tuer Berta il y a plus de 80 jours, maintenant ils veulent aussi tuer les autres coordinateurs de COPINH, qui poursuivent leur travail visant à empêcher les corporations minières multinationales d'entrer sur leur territoire" a déclaré le coordinateur général de COPINH Tomás Gómez Membreño le 1er juin 2016.
Les membres de COPINH sont en danger extrême depuis que leur leader Berta Cáceres, lauréate du prix Goldmann Environmental, a été assassinée le 3 mars 2016. Mme Cáceres, militante reconnue et récompensée au niveau international, avait enduré des années d'acharnement judiciaire, de menaces et d'intimidations à cause de son travail contre la construction du projet hydroélectrique d'Agua Zarca, qui menaçait le bassin de la rivière Gualcarque considéré comme sacré par le peuple Lenca.
Le 3 mai 2016, quatre suspects ont été arrêtés pour le meurtre de Mme Cáceres Ils resteront en détention préventive le temps du procès qui a commencé le 6 mai. Les quatre suspects sont Sergio Ramón Rodríguez, responsable de l'environnement et de la communication pour DESA (l'entreprise qui met en œuvre le projet hydroélectrique Agua Zarca); le major et instructeur de la police militaire Mariano Díaz Chávez; le lieutenant retraité Douglas Bustillo et le capitaine également retraité Edilson Duarte. La famille de Berta Cáceres a publiquement fait part de ses inquiétudes concernant le manque de transparence dans le processus des poursuites et elle a appelé à la supervision internationale du procès, ce que la Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'Homme (CIDH) a proposé de faire. Le président du Honduras Juan Orlando Hernández, qui a le pouvoir discrétionnaire d'accepter ou rejeter la proposition de la Commission, n'a toujours pas donné de réponse.
Le 15 mars 2016, peu après l'assassinat de Berta Cáceres, un inconnu a abattu Nelson García, membre de COPINH, alors qu'il rentrait chez lui à Rio Lindo. Plus tôt ce jour-là, Nelson García, avait accompagné une communauté à Rio Chiquito qui avait été violemment expulsée par la police et l'armée.
Les observateurs internationaux et les militants qui collaborent avec COPINH sont également ciblés par les attaques. Le 13 mai, l'observatrice internationale et défenseuse des droits humains a été la cible d'une campagne de diffamation sur les réseaux sociaux. Un compte anonyme sur YouTube intitulé "Nos Queda Claro" (C'est clair pour nous) a posté une vidéo qui appelait à l'expulsion de Mme Fellin à cause de ses actes présumés d'incitation à la violence. La vidéo était un enregistrement modifié de la défenseuse en train d'observer une manifestation pacifique organisée par COPINH à Tegucigalpa le 9 mai 2016.
Suite à ces évènements, les services honduriens de l'immigration ont convoqué Mme Fellin. En raison de cette campagne d'intimidation concertée, la défenseuse a décidé de quitter le pays. Front Line Defenders a aussi été informée que d'autres observateurs internationaux sont convoqués à un rendez-vous avec les services d'immigration, sans raison apparente autre que le soutien légitime et pacifique qu'ils apportent aux communautés en lutte.
Les attaques contre COPINH ne sont pas des cas isolés. Au cours des derniers mois, les défenseur-ses des droits humains qui travaillent pour d'autres organisations de défense des droits humains ont été la cible de menaces, intimidations et violences.
En mai 2016, des membres de l'Asociación para una Ciudadanía Participativa - ACI-PARTICIPA (association pour une citoyenneté participative) ont été intimidés, suivis et menacés par des employés de l'entreprise minière MINOSA.
Depuis 2013, ACI-Participa soutient les villageois d'Azacualpa dans leur lutte contre l'expulsion et empêche la relocation du cimetière communautaire. MINOSA, la filiale locale de l'entreprise minière canadienne AURA, continue d'étendre son exploitation du site de San Andrés au prix de l'environnement, du droit à la terre et de la santé de la communauté d'Azacualpa. Le personnel de MINOSA a suivi et pris en photo la délégation d'ACI-Participa alors qu'elle se déplace entre le village de La Unión et la communauté d'Azacualpa.
Front Line Defenders fait part de ses profondes inquiétudes concernant l'escalade des attaques et des menaces contre les membres de COPINH et d'ACI-Participa. Front Line Defenders appelle les autorités honduriennes à ouvrir immédiatement une enquête minutieuse et impartiale sur la tentative de meurtre contre M. Alexander García Sorto, avec l'objectif de publier les conclusions et de traduire les responsables en justice. Elle exhorte également les autorités à prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires pour garantir l'intégrité physique et psychologique et la sécurité des défenseur-ses des droits humains au Honduras, et à enquêter sur les cas de harcèlement et d'intimidation contre les observateurs internationaux.
On 15 April 2016, during the closing march of a three-day international meeting - organised to commemorate the life and work of murdered Honduran human rights defender Berta Cáceres - demonstrators were violently attacked. Participants at the “Berta Cáceres Lives” meeting (Encuentro Internacional de los Pueblos "Berta Cáceres Vive") were demanding justice for Berta’s killing and expressing solidarity with COPINH (Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Populares e Indígenas de Honduras), the organisation the human rights defender had founded in 1993.
Honduran and international participants went to the village of San Francisco de Ojuera, western Honduras, and marched towards the Gualcarque river, a sacred place for the indigenous Lenca people, where a ceremony would take place.
Front Line Defenders Americas Protection Coordinator Ms. Ivi Oliveira, who represented the organisation at the international meeting, reported:
"Before starting to walk down the river, we were surprised by a group of about 25-30 people, many with machetes and stones in their hands. They were carrying some posters saying ‘You come to our house without an invitation’ and ‘You will not violate our right to development’. They shouted at us to leave (‘go away gringos’,’go away Spaniards’) and threatened the protester. Specific threats were made against the new COPINH's coordinator and Lenca leader Tomás Gómez".
At the end of the ceremony on the river bank, as the first demonstrators started going back towards the buses, the same group of people attacked them using machetes and throwing rocks. At least nine people were injured.
The police were present on the premises during both incidents, but failed to effectively prevent and stop the physical attacks against the peaceful demonstrators. Some members of the caravan heard direct references to the killing of Berta Cáceres and reported that the attackers destroyed a big red blanket with her image.
Berta and COPINH fought relentlessly to stop the construction of the Agua Zarca hydroelectric project in the Gualcarque river basin, as the dams had the potential to disrupt the livelihoods of the local communities and their access to water.
According to COPINH, the attackers were affiliated with Desarrollos Energéticos S.A. (DESA), the private Honduran energy company which is behind the Agua Zarca project. Some of the attackers were identified as sicarios who had previously threatened Berta and COPINH's members and who had been temporarily detained in 2015 for carrying high calibre guns.
Ahead of the gathering, on April 12, the hydroelectric company had published a statement telling COPINH members and their supporters to “be reasonable” during their next demonstration and “let common sense prevail”. They also urged the police to protect the company’s equipment and accused COPINH and its supporters of vandalistic acts.
Only two days after the incident, on 17 April 2016, the 'Canada Honduras Delegation for Justice, Land and Life' - which includes Canadian and First Nations leaders, lawyers, human rights and solidarity activists - went to the San Andres mine in La Unión, Copán, western Honduras. The open-pit gold mine is owned by Minerales de Occidente, a subsidiary of Toronto-based mining company, Aura Minerals, and it has been strongly opposed by the local community.
As the Canadian delegation was arriving to the town of Azacualpa, a group of an estimated 180 mine workers - some armed with machetes, sticks and rocks - blocked the public road. Jen Moore, Latin America Program Coordinator at Mining Watch, reported that the police was present but initially it did not mediate. The delegation was later notified it could safely travel to the community and the police managed to dispel the crowd. Mining Watch and the other NGOs of the delegation, however, have expressed grave concerns for this type of intimidation.
The attack suffered on 15 April is not new for the Lenca people and is not an isolated event – it occurred in the same location as a similar counter-protest in February, at which death threats were made against Berta. She was killed less than two weeks after that incident.
Ms Oliveira said: "The international delegation witnessed what the Lenca people suffer in a daily basis and it's for their lives that we are more concerned, people who will stay in the region".
Berta's family and COPINH have called for an independent international investigation into her murder, lead by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, as there are credible and serious doubts about the ability of the Honduran police to investigate, as well as questions about the government's knowledge and potential involvement in the assassination of the 2015 Goldman Prize winner and indigenous leader.
Front Line Defenders supports Berta's family and COPINH members into that call, and reminds the Honduran government that any investigation into the murder of Berta has to take into consideration her human rights work, as well as at least 33 known threats she had received for carrying out that work.
Front Line Defenders expresses strong concern over the continuing attacks in Honduras, which represent a trend of intimidation and killings of those who defend environmental and lands rights. Front Line Defenders strongly condemn the ongoing attacks, threats and intimidation against COPINH members and its supporters, which have intensified following Berta Cáceres’ killing. It also expresses grave concern for the lack of an independent investigation into the killings of Berta Cáceres and other COPINH members and urges the Honduran authorities to provide effective protection to all human rights defenders in the country.
On 15 March 2016 human rights defender Mr Nelson García was killed in the aftermath of a violent eviction conducted in Río Lindo, Department of Cortés, Honduras.
The human rights defender was a member of Consejo Civico de Organizaciones Populares e Indígenas de Honduras – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organisations of Honduras). COPINH has been active for over 20 years campaigning for the defence of the territory and rights of the Lenca people and the organisation has led fierce campaigns against illegal logging and mega-projects for their detrimental effects on the rights of indigenous peoples in the country.
The human rights defender was returning home following a violent eviction conducted by the Public Order Military Police (Policía Militar de Orden Público) and the Cobras Special Force (Comando Especial Cobras) in the municipality of Río Lindo when he was intercepted by unidentified men who shot him in the face four times and killed him.
The assassination of Nelson García happens less than two weeks after the killing of prominent COPINH leader, Ms Berta Cáceres, on 3 March 2016 and only eight days after the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) issued precautionary measures for all members of COPINH. Both crimes happened in a context of escalating violence against human rights defenders in Honduras, particularly those who work on environmental, indigenous peoples' and land rights, repeating and aggravating a trend constantly highlighted by national and international organizations, as stated by Front Line Defenders 2016 Annual Report.
According to members of COPINH there has been an escalation in the threats and harassment of its members and other human rights defenders working on the same issues since Berta Cáceres' assassination. Many of COPINH's members and Berta's relatives have reported incidents such as police and judicial harassment, among other forms of intimidation.
Front Line Defenders strongly condemns the killing of human rights defender Nelson García. It is deeply concerned at the increasingly extreme levels of violence faced by human rights defenders in Honduras and the targeting of those working on environmental, indigenous peoples' and land rights. Further concern is expressed about the permanence of a clear trend of killings of human rights defenders in the country and of impunity for the perpetrators.
Front Line Defenders urges the authorities in Honduras to:
1. Strongly condemn the killing of human rights defender Nelson Garcia;
2. Carry out an immediate, thorough and impartial investigation into the killing of Nelson García, with a view to publishing the results and bringing those responsible to justice in accordance with international standards;
3. Take all necessary measures, in consultation with the human rights defenders, to guarantee the physical and psychological integrity and security of all members of COPINH and those working in Honduras for the defence of environmental, indigenous peoples' and land rights;
4. Implement the necessary measures to prevent the recurrence of these abuses;
5. Guarantee in all circumstances that all human rights defenders in Honduras are able to carry out their legitimate human rights activities without fear of reprisals and free of all restrictions.
On 3 March 2016, environmental rights defender Ms Berta Cáceres was murdered by as yet unknown assailants who broke into her home in the city of La Esperanza in the early hours of the morning.
Berta Cáceres was deeply involved in an ongoing campaign in defence of the Gualcarque River, the site for the proposed Agua Zarca hydro-electric dam which is being developed by the Honduran company FICOHSA and the multi-national company SINOHYDRO. The human rights defender was one of the strongest voices of opposition to the construction of the hydroelectric dam, which was initiated without consent of local communities or proper consultations with them, in clear violation of the ILO Convention 169.
The human rights defender was shot dead at approximately 1 am on 3 March 2016. It is believed that the assassination was carried out in retaliation for the human rights defender's work in defence of indigenous and environmental rights and denouncing human rights abuses in the context of large-scale development projects in Honduras. One week prior to her assassination, the defender had denounced the killing of 4 leaders of her community as well as threats against her and other human rights defenders, at a press conference.
The human rights defender had previously been threatened and faced persecution as a result of her human rights work, including her criminalisation through trumped up charges of usurpation of land and coercion, in a case that was dismissed in January 2014. A recrudescence in the threats against Berta Cáceres and members of COPINH was reported in an alert issued by COPINH last February.
Other members of COPINH have been targeted in the recent past. On 15 July 2013, human rights defender and member of COPINH Mr Tomas García was shot dead by the Honduran Army as he participated in a peaceful protest opposing the Água Zarca project. To date, none of the perpetrators of his killing have been brought to justice.
On 10 December 2015, the Court of Siguatepeque convicted Mr Kevin Yasser Saravia, the military officer of the Battalion of Engineers, for the assassination of human rights defender Tomas García Domínguez.
Mr Kevin Yasser Saravia faces up to 20 years' imprisonment for this crime. The court ruling is subject to appeal.
Tomas García Domínguez was a Lenca indigenous leader who sat on his community's Indigenous and Auxiliary Council, and an active member of Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Indígenas Populares – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular Indigenous Organisations). On 15 July 2013, the human rights defender was shot dead by the Honduran Army as he participated in a peaceful protest against the construction of the Agua Zarca hydroelectric dam, owned by Desarrollo Energético Sociedad Anónima – DESA and the multinational SINOHYDRO.
On 10 December 2015 the Court of Siguatepeque ((Tribunal de Sentencia de Siguatepeque) found Kevin Yasser Saravia (Suboficial del Batallón de Ingenieros) guilty for the assassination of human rights defender Tomas García Domínguez and acquitted him for the assassination attempt against Tomas García's son, Mr Allan García Domínguez. The human rights defender's son was also shot and seriously injured in the incident. The Court stated that the military officer did not have the intention to kill the human rights defender's son.
Following the ruling of 10 December 2015 the military officer's defence lawyers have already expressed their intent to appeal the decision. There is a separate sentencing hearing scheduled for 8 January 2016 to determine the punishment to be imposed. The penalty for murder is from 15 to 20 years in prison according to Honduran law.
Front Line Defenders welcomes the ruling of the Court of Siguatepeque which, if confirmed on appeal, would be a welcome change from the pattern of impunity for attacks against human rights defenders which are pervasive in Honduras.
On 5 March 2014, as human rights defender Ms María Santos Domínguez returned to her home, she was surrounded and attacked with sticks, stones and machete by a group of seven individuals. Her husband and her son came to her rescue but were also attacked, with her son losing his ear. María Santos Domínguez has faced death threats on repeated occasions.
María Santos Domínguez is the co-ordinator of the Organización del Consejo Indígena del Río Blanco y del Sector Norte de Intibucá (Indigenous Coucil of Río Blanco and the North of Intibucá). The human rights defender is also a member of the Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Indígenas y Populares de Honduras – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organisations of Honduras) and an emblematic leader in the struggle for the defence of the Gualcarque river and the indigenous Lenca territory. Her husband, Mr Santos Roque Domínguez, is also a member of COPINH and a community activist.
On 5 March, just after noon, María Santos Domínguez was returning from preparing school lunches, on the route she normally uses. Santos Roque Domínguez phoned her several times due to the worry caused by the threats already made against the human rights defender. On the fourth call, María Santos Domínguez informed her husband that seven individuals, allegedly the same who had threatened her with death, and who had been waiting for her on her route, had her surrounded. In that moment, her husband and son left the house to search for the human rights defender and found her, having already received deep machete wounds, being beaten with sticks and stones by the group. Santos Roque Domínguez tried to reason with them and pleaded with them not to kill his wife, meanwhile his son attempted to aid his mother. Immediately, one of the group slashed the child with the machete, chopping off his right ear and part of his face. Santos Roque Domínguez was also gravely injured. The attack against the three family members has left them in a serious state of health.
María Santos Domínguez, as well as her husband and son, have been the target of serious threats and attacks because of their work in opposition to the Agua Zarca hydroelectric plant. The same group who attacked them on 5 March also destroyed their crops on a previous occasion.
Honduras is one of the most dangerous countries in the world to be a human rights defender, owing to threats, defamation, judicial harassment, physical attacks, attempted killings and killings. Indigenous leader and member of COPINH, Mr Justo Sorto was killed on 21 January 2014. Human rights defender Mr Tomás García was killed on 15 July 2013, and the case has still not been properly investigated.
Front Line Defenders roundly condemns the attempt on the life of human rights defender María Santos Domínguez, as well as the attack on her husband and son. Front Line Defenders considers the attack to be directly related to the peaceful and legitimate work of María Santos Domínguez and the Organización del Consejo Indígena del Río Blanco y del Sector Norte de Intibucá.
On 10 February 2014, the trial of human rights defender Ms Berta Cáceres was dismissed at the Court of First Instance in Santa Barbara. She had been facing charges of “illegal possession of a firearm endangering the security of the Honduran state” since 24 May 2013.
Berta Cáceres is the general coordinator of the Consejo Civico de Organizaciones Populares e Indígenas de Honduras (Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organisations of Honduras – COPINH). COPINH is currently involved in a campaign in defense of the Gualcarque river, which is the site proposed for a hydro-electric dam by the Honduran company FICOHSA and the multi-national SINOHYDRO.
As a consequence of the judgement of 10 February 2014, the criminal case has been suspended and the precautionary measures which had been pending against the human rights defender have been revoked. The precautionary measures meant that Berta Cáceres was forced to sign in every week at the Juzgado de Paz de la Esperanza and was prohibited from leaving the country.
While Front Line Defenders welcomes the dismissal of the case against Berta Cáceres, it remains concerned that the case taken by the company DESA against Bertha Cáceres, and Messrs Aureliano Molina and Tomas Gómez Membreño continues. For more information on the case please see Berta Cáceres' page on the Front Line Defenders website.
On 26 January 2014, at midday, human rights defender and co-ordinator general of the Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Populares e Indígenas de Honduras – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organisations of Honduras), Ms Berta Cáceres, was temporarily detained. This was in spite of the fact that Berta Cáceres had been granted a provisional suspension in the trial against her by the Appeals Court of Comayagua on 9 January 2014.
On 26 January 2014, Berta Cáceres was detained by members of the criminal investigation unit, who showed her an order for her capture and informed her that the authorities had not communicated any counter-order to them. According to sources, only her knowledge of her rights and the law lead to her release an hour later.
Berta Cáceres and the other members of COPINH have been facing a pattern of judicial harassment and criminalisation for approximately eight months, since Berta Cáceres and Mr Tomás Gómez Membreño were stopped by the army and detained in a military operation on 25 May 2013. The human rights defenders had been travelling with the intention of protesting against the construction of a dam on the River Gualcarque. COPINH has also suffered the killings of at least two of its members, Mr Tomás García and Mr Justo Sorto, in July 2013 and January 2014 respectively.
Front Line Defenders is concerned by this latest incident of harassment against Berta Cáceres as it sends a clear message to environmental and human rights defenders in Honduras that dissent will not be tolerated.
On 21 January 2014, the indigenous Lenca leader and human rights defender, Mr Justo Sorto, was found dead on a farming estate of the Yance community in the municipality of Jesús de Otoro, in the department of Intibucá, Western Honduras. Justo Sorto was an active member for twenty years of the Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Indígenas Populares – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular Indigenous Organisations).
The human rights defender was killed by several gunshots from a high-calibre weapon. There were three gunshot wounds to his body; in the head, the chest and the right thumb.
COPINH is an organisation that works for the defence of the land and the environment, and for improving the living conditions of communities and indigenous peoples in Honduras. Justo Sorto was a prominent leader of an indigenous Lenca community who lives in the west of the country. That community works for the defence of its forests and against the execution of mining projects in the region. He was a founding member of the Coordinadora Indígena del Poder Popular de Honduras – CIPPH (Co-ordinator of Indigenous Peoples' Power of Honduras) and the Movimiento Morazanista del Poder Popular – MMP (Morazanist Movement of Popular Power).
Justo Sorto had been detained by police on various occasions for his participation in the taking of roads while campaigning for the expulsion of lumber dealers who were destroying the forests in which the Lenca community lives, in the departments of Lempira, Intibucá and Santa Barbara. He also spearheaded many projects, amongst them the struggle against the Tigre dam which was to be constructed on the border between Honduras and El Salvador.
A CIPPH-MMP delegation has been sent to the Yance community in Jesús de Otoro to accompany the family in the burial of Justo Sorto.
Front Line Defenders roundly condemns the killing of Justo Sorto, which is related to his peaceful and legitimate work in the defence of the environmental rights of the indigenous Lenca community. Front Line Defenders expresses its profound concern for the physical and psychological integrity of the family of Justo Sorto as well as that of all other human rights defenders working in Honduras, particularly those who defend land and environmental rights.
On 9 January 2014, the Appeals Court of Comayagua provisionally suspended the case against human rights defenders Ms Berta Cáceres and Messrs Tomás Gómez and Aureliano Molina. They had been facing charges of usurpation of land, coercion, and causing more than $3 million in damages to DESA, a hydroelectric dam company.
The Court further reversed a decision to displace the indigenous Lenca community from their ancestral lands, and revoked the arrest warrant which had been in place against the human rights defenders. No court date has been set for the final decision in the case.
Berta Cáceres is the general co-ordinator of Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Indígenas Populares – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular Indigenous Organisations). Tomás Gómez Membreño and Aureliano Molina are also members of COPINH. COPINH works on land, environmental and indigenous rights, particularly in relation to large-scale development projects.
While Front Line Defenders welcomes the provisional suspension of the case against the human rights defenders, it remains concerned that the case has not been permanently suspended. Front Line Defenders is further concerned that the case was brought to court in the first place, considering the fraught circumstances which lead to the charges, detailed in an urgent appeal by Front Line Defenders on 27 May 2013. The case comes in the context of serious concerns in Honduras, and the region in general, that large-scale development projects are impinging on environmental rights and the rights of indigenous people, and that the principle of free, prior and informed consent is not being fully respected.
On 8 November 2013, human rights defender, Mr Aureliano Molina Villanueva was followed by two cars on his way to Esperanza. Two days previously, his lawyer, Mr Víctor Fernández, was also followed while driving.
Aureliano Molina Villanueva is a member of the Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Indígenas Populares – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular Indigenous Organisations). COPINH is currently involved in a campaign for the defence of the Gualcarque river and oppose the construction of a dam by transnational corporations DESA, Sinohydro and FICOHSA group, which have launched Zarca Water Hydroelectric Project against the will of the indigenous inhabitants, the Lenca people, in clear violation of ILO Convention 169.
On the afternoon of 8 November 2013, Aureliano Molina Villanueva noticed two cars without licence plates following his vehicle on the road from Siguatepeque to Esperanza. Both were Toyota Hi-Lux, Type 3, with tinted windows; one white and one grey – they are reported to belong to the transational corporation, DESA. The cars remained behind the human rights defender's vehicle and persistently flashed their lights, which he viewed as an attempt to distract him while driving and possibly cause an accident. On 6 November 2013, Aureliano Molina Villanueva's lawyer, Víctor Fernández, was pursued by a white Toyota of the same description as that which followed Aureliano Molina Villanueva.
Aureliano Molina Villanueva was driving to Esperanza in order to comply with a judicial order requiring him to sign in at a police station every fortnight, an order which was issued on 20 September 2013. At that hearing, a magistrate also ordered the pre-trial detention of human rights defender Ms Berta Cáceres, general co-ordinator of COPINH, on charges of usurpation of land, coercion, and causing more than $3 million in damages to DESA, a hydroelectric dam company.
Front Line Defenders reiterates its belief that intimidation targeting members of COPINH forms part of an increasing tendency towards militarisation and suppression of human rights defenders in the country and calls for the charges against the above mentioned human rights defenders to be dropped immediately, as it is believed that they are solely related to their legitimate and peaceful human rights activities.
On 20 September 2013, a magistrate ordered the pre-trial detention of human rights defender Berta Cáceres following a hearing on charges of usurpation of land, coercion, and causing more than $3 million in damages to DESA, a hydroelectric dam company. Moreover, human rights defenders Aureliano Molina and Tomás Gómez Membreño have been ordered to sign on at a police station every 15 days.
Berta Cáceres is the general co-ordinator of Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Indígenas Populares – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular Indigenous Organisations). COPINH, of which Tomás Gómez Membreño and Aureliano Molina are also members, are currently involved in a campaign for the defence of the Gualcarque river and oppose the construction of a dam by transnational corporations DESA, Sinohydro and FICOHSA group, which have launched Zarca Water Hydroelectric Project against the will of the indigenous inhabitants, the Lenca people, in clear violation of ILO Convention 169.
The official arrest warrant is due to be issued and Berta Cáceres is currently not in detention. The human rights defender's lawyer, Mr Víctor Fernández, is currently seeking to appeal the decision.
Front Line Defenders reiterates its belief that this case is part of an increasing tendency towards militarisation and suppression of human rights defenders in the country and calls for the charges against the above mentioned human rights defenders to be dropped immediately, as it is believed that they are solely related to their legitimate and peaceful human rights activities.
On 12 September 2013 human rights defenders Berta Cáceres, Tomás Gomez and Aureliano Molina will appear in court charged with usurpation of land, coercion, and causing more than $3 million in damages to DESA, a hydroelectric dam company. Berta Cáceres is also facing separate charges of illegally carrying arms “endangering the internal security of Honduras.”
Berta Cáceres is the general co-ordinator of Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Indígenas Populares – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular Indigenous Organisations). Tomás Gómez Membreño and Aureliano Molina are also members of COPINH.
COPINH is currently involved in a campaign for the defence of the Gualcarque river which is the site of a proposed dam.
Front Line Defenders reiterates its belief that this case is part of a increasing tendency towards militarisation and suppression of human rights defenders in the country.
On 15 July 2013, human rights defender Mr Tomas García was shot dead by the Honduran Army as he participated in a peaceful protest in Achotal, Río Blanco, in the department of Intibucá.
Tomas García, whose son was injured during the incident, was a Lenca indigenous leader who sat on his community's Indigenous and Auxiliary Council, and an active member of Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Indígenas Populares – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular Indigenous Organisations).
On 15 July 2013, Tomas García was walking with community members to a peaceful protest at the site of the construction of the Agua Zarca hydroelectric dam, owned by Desarrollo Energético Sociedad Anónima – DESA and the multinational SINOHYDRO, as part of an ongoing protest action known as 106 days of resistance, when he was shot dead by members of the Honduran Army. Allan García Domínguez, son of Tomas García, was seriously injured in the incident and remains in a critical condition in the Hospital in San Pedro Sula where he had an emergency operation on 17 July.
Other members of COPINH have been targeted in the recent past. On 13 June 2013, human rights defender Ms Berta Cáceres, general coordinator of COPINH, was granted a temporary stay in proceedings against her due to a lack of evidence. The human rights defender was arrested on 24 May 2013 and accused of possession of an illegal fire-arm, which she said had been planted in her vehicle. She was arrested along with Mr Tomás Gómez Membreño, who is also a member of COPINH, in a military operation. COPINH is currently involved in a campaign for the defence of the Gualcarque river, which is part of the site of the proposed hydroelectric dam.
Front Line Defenders condemns the killing of human rights defender Tomas García and is deeply concerned with regards to the policing of the state by the military, and that human rights defenders continue to lose their lives, face arrest and detention, and other reprisals whilst carrying out their peaceful and legitimate activities in defence of human rights.
On 13 June 2013, human rights defender Ms Berta Cáceres was granted a temporary stay in proceedings against her due to a lack of evidence. The human rights defender was accused of possession of an illegal fire-arm, which she said had been planted in her vehicle, in a trial that took place in Santa Barbara, Western Honduras.
The testimonies of the police and army personnel against her were deemed insufficient and the travel ban imposed on her has also been lifted. Although the defence argued to dismiss the accusation definitively, the judgement is still open and it now awaits new elements of proof from the State’s attorney.
Berta Cáceres is the general co-ordinator of Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Indígenas Populares – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular Indigenous Organisations).
She was arrested on 24 May 2013, along with fellow human rights defender Mr Tomás Gómez Membreño. Whilst he was immediately released, Berta Cáceres was transferred to prison, before being released on 25 May 2013.
On the morning of the trial, representatives of over forty social movements and human rights organisations arrived outside the courthouse in a show of solidarity with the human rights defender. However, representatives from COPINH were stopped at a military checkpoint on their way to the courthouse and temporarily detained, an act which they have interpreted as intimidatory. It has also been suggested that the many long breaks in the trial itself, which lasted over 8 hours, were intended to tire the crowd outside the court so that they would leave.
Whilst welcoming the result in the hearing against Berta Cáceres, Front Line Defenders calls for the case to be closed, and also raises concerns that the arrest and detention of Berta Cáceres demonstrates the increasing tendency towards militarisation and suppression of human rights defenders in the country. For more information on this case please see the urgent appeal issued on 27 May 2013.
On 25 May 2013, just after 1pm, Ms Berta Cáceres, general co-ordinator of Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Indígenas Populares – COPINH (Civic Council of Popular Indigenous Organisations) was conditionally released from her detention by Judge José Francisco Pineda Ayala del Juzgado in Santa Barbara, Western Honduras.
The human rights defender had been arrested the previous day along with Mr Tomás Gómez Membreño, who is also a member of COPINH. COPINH is currently involved in a campaign for the defence of the Gualcarque river which is the site of a proposed dam to be built by the Honduran company FICOHSA and the multinational SINOHYDRO.
On 24 May 2013, Berta Cáceres and Tomás Gómez Membreño were arrested in a military operation in the Agua Caliente sector of Santa Barbara. Twenty members of the engineering battalion based in the town of Siguatepeque stopped their car and conducted a search in a violent and aggressive manner, before requesting police backup. The police backup arrived in cars belonging to the companies responsible for the project which COPINH is currently opposing. The human rights defenders were informed that they were being arrested for possession of a weapon, supposedly found in the boot of their car. Whilst Tomás Gómez Membreño was released at 11pm that night, Berta Cáceres was placed in a cell and treated as a highly dangerous person.
Before her release, the Honduran Attorney General, Mr Nery Betancourt, directed the judge in the case to order Berta Cáceres to sign in at the court every Friday of the month, to ban her from leaving the country, and set a trial date for 13 June 2013. The organisation's car remains out of service.
Front Line Defenders is deeply concerned about the arbitrary arrest and detention, by the military, of Berta Cáceres and Tomás Gómez Membreño. It is felt that a dangerous precedent has been set with regard to the policing of the state by the military, and that the arrest of the two human rights defenders was motivated solely by their peaceful and legitimate work in defence of human rights in Honduras, particularly indigenous people's rights.
Fourteen human rights organisations published a open letter to the distinguished members of the international diplomatic corps and international organizations with a presence in or focus on Honduras. Full text of letter below:
We, the undersigned organizations, wish to express to the international diplomatic corps and to institutions of the international community our deep concern about the death threats recently received by accompaniers with PROAH (Proyecto de Acompañamiento Internacional en Honduras - Honduras Accompaniment Project).
PROAH is a project of the US NGO Friendship Office of the Americas, and has been providing international accompaniment to human rights defenders since 2010. Its volunteers from Europe and North America offer accompaniment to organizations and individuals that find themselves under threat or at risk because of their human rights work, with the aim of deterring violence and increasing respect for human rights. In addition, its volunteers bear witness to and support the documentation of the human rights situation in Honduras, circulate reliable information to the international community and communicate with international solidarity networks.
Towards the end of April 2012, two members of PROAH received death threats via text messages on their cell phones, sent from phone company web sites. The first message, on 22 April, referred to three persons who were accompanied by PROAH:
“From CAM1 14/88 whoever we start with. Pedro, Elena, Alan…The end result will be the same**”. The second message, on 26 April, contained the following text: “CAM> Shits, once we put a bullet in your head you're going to keep quiet". The same messages were received by people accompanied by PROAH, indicating that the threats were directly related to PROAH’s work defending human rights.
The fact that international accompaniers are now the targets of such threats is yet another indication of the deteriorating situation for human rights defenders in the country, who have suffered a worrying increase in attacks in the last few months, physical as well as verbal and psychological.
In March and April, several members of COFADEH (Committee of the Families of the Detained and Disappeared in Honduras) were the targets of persecution, including physical and verbal attacks. One of them was the journalist Dina Meza, who has received a series of threats of sexual violence, two of which also came through messages left on her cell phone and were signed by “CAM”. Furthermore, members of COPINH (Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras) have been victims of various threats and acts of harassment since March, the most extreme case being the murder of one of its members, Santos Alberto Dominguez, by the police, on 1 May. Only six days later, the body of Erick Martínez, a journalist and gay activist, was found with signs of strangulation.
According to Margaret Sekaggaya, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, the victims in the cases mentioned above belong to categories of defenders – journalists and defenders of indigenous and gay rights — among those at the greatest risk in Honduras. In February 2012, in her preliminary report, at the end of her official visit to Honduras, she described a situation of “pervasive impunity”, and in her declarations said “The 2009 coup d’état aggravated institutional weaknesses, increas[ing] the vulnerability of human rights defenders” who “[d]ue to the exposed nature of their activities…continue to suffer extrajudicial executions, enforced disappearances, torture and ill-treatment, death threats, attacks, harassment and stigmatisation”.
Within this context, international accompaniment through projects such as PROAH for people under threat or risk is extremely important for the defense of the rights and the protections guaranteed by the United Nations Declaration on human rights defenders.
We wish to thank the diplomatic corps of the European Union for their public declaration on 15 May expressing their concern about the persecution suffered by human rights defenders in Honduras. We regard such pronouncements directed to the Honduran state to be vital, and we urge other diplomatic missions to make similar declarations. In addition, we ask members of the diplomatic community to express to the Honduran authorities the importance of the role of international accompaniment in defense of human rights and urge them to:
1. Take the necessary measures to stop the harassment and threats against international accompaniers of PROAH in particular, and against the community of human rights defenders in general.
2. Carry out an immediate, thorough and impartial investigation into the reported attacks, threats and murders of human rights defenders, requesting that the results of the investigation be made public and those responsible brought to justice.
3. Take urgent and concrete measures to implement the Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 December 1998. We also encourage the international community to actively engage with human rights defenders in Honduras with the aim of offering them support and protection within the framework of the European Union Guidelines for the protection of human rights defenders and other international instruments and mechanisms that exist for this purpose.
Sincerely,
ACOGUATE (Coordination of International Accompaniment in Guatemala), which is composed of the following committees: Guatemala Solidarität Österreich (Austria) CAREA (Cadena para un Retorno Acompañado) (Germany) Collectif Guatemala (France) El Comité Danés de Solidaridad con Centroamérica (CDSC) (Denmark) Guatemala Solidarity Network (GSN) (UK) Project Accompagnement Québec-Guatemala (PAQG) (Canada) The Swedish Fellowship of Reconciliation (SweFOR) (Sweden) Network in Solidarity with the People of Guatemala (NISGUA) (USA) Peacewatch Switzerland La Plataforma de Solidaridad con Chiapas, Oaxaca y Guatemala de Madrid (Spain) Breaking the Silence (Canada)
Front Line Defenders,
Peace Brigades International,
Friendship Office of the Americas.
On 13 June 2012, Mr Juan Vásquez and Mr Sotero Chavarría were shot at as they returned from a meeting on a land conflict involving the indigenous community of La Cuchía, Santa Bárbara, and the case of an imprisoned community member.
Juan Vásquez and Sotero Chavarría are both members of the Executive Committee of the Consejo Cívico de Organizaciones Populares e Indígenas de Honduras – COPINH (Civic Counsel of Popular Indigenous Organisations of Honduras).
Juan Vásquez and Sotero Chavarría were returning from the abovementioned meeting when two unidentified individuals approached their vehicle on a motorbike and fired at least two shots at them. The attack caused them to lose control momentarily and crash the vehicle. Neither were injured but the car, which belongs to COPINH, was damaged at impact.
This attack comes in the context of ongoing intimidation and attacks against the human rights defenders and members of COPINH. On 31 March 2012, Mr Magdaleno Argueat, Coordinator of the Indigenous Council of COPINH in Las Lajitas, Colomoncagua, Intibucá, was threatened by unknown persons who insulted him and told him “a ustedes copines, que hablan mierda por esas radios hay que contarles la lengua, la represa va por qué va, pediremos que los maten” (you Copinh activists, you talk shit on these radios, one must cut your tongue, the dam goes ahead because it will, we will ask for you people to be killed).
Another member of COPINH, Mr José Saldivar Gámez, received a call to his mobile telephone in which he was warned that he would be killed if he continued to be active with COPINH. Other leaders in COPINH, Mr Rolando Gutiérrez, Ms Berta Cáceres and Mr Salvador Zuniga, have all reported receiving threats. Mr Juan Bautista, Ms Asunción Martínez and Mr Julio German were threatened with judicial processes and have received verbal death threats.
Front Line Defenders believes that the attack on Juan Vásquez and Sotero Chavarría is directly related to their work in defence of human rights and in particular their work in defence of the land rights of the farmers and indigenous communities in Honduras.