Antécédent de l'affaire: Somyot Prueksakasemsuk

On 18 September 2014, Thailand's Court of Appeals upheld the sentence handed down by the Bangkok Criminal Court in the trial of human rights defender Mr Somyot Prueksakasemsuk.

The human rights defender was convicted on 23 January 2013 for violating the lèse-majesté law and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. The Court of Appeal had not informed the human rights defender, nor his lawyer or his family members, that the hearing was scheduled for 18 September.

Somyot Prueksakasemsuk was Editor of the magazine “Voice of Thaksin” (Voice of the Oppressed) and a prominent labour rights activist affiliated with the Democratic Alliance of Trade Unions.

Somyot Prueksakasemsuk was arrested on 30 April 2011 and subsequently charged under Article 112 of Thailand's Criminal Code for allowing, in his role as editor, the publication of two satirical articles (written by an anonymous author) in “Voice of Thaksin”. These articles were considered by authorities to insult the monarchy and, according to the Thailand's Criminal Code, any person who defames, insults or threatens the King, the Queen, the Heir to the throne or the Regent may face up to 15 years of imprisonment.

On 23 January 2013, Bangkok Criminal Court found Somyot Prueksakasemsuk guilty of Lèse-majesté ruling that two publications in his magazine insulted the monarchy. On 1 April 2013, the human rights defender appealed the ruling. Since then, the court has rejected fifteen petitions to release the human rights defenders on bail.

The family of imprisoned human rights defender was also targeted by authorities. On 25 May 2014, the Thai military carried out a search in Somyot Prueksakasemsuk's house and arrested his wife and son. They were held incommunicado without access to a lawyer and the authorities did not provide them with any reasons for their arrest. They were released without charges on the following day, but were warned not to give interviews, make political comments, or take part in any political activities.

Front Line Defenders is concerned at this decision of the Court of Appeals to uphold Somyot Prueksakasemsuk's ten-year prison sentence. Front Line Defenders also expresses concern about the harassment of the human rights defender's family.

On 23 January 2013, human rights defender and labour activist Mr Somyot Prueksakasemsuk was sentenced to 10 years in prison by Ratchadapisek Criminal Court. He was found guilty of violating Section 112 of the Thai Criminal Code, which criminalises defaming, insulting or threatening the royal family, commonly known as the lèse majesté law, for the alleged publication of two articles with negative references to the monarchy.

Somyot Prueksakasemsuk works as a human rights defender in the area of labour and freedom of association rights in Thailand and is editor of Voice of the Oppressed (Voice of Taksin).

The trial was attended by approximately 170 observers including local and international journalists, academics, human rights defenders and organisations. There were also representatives present from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the EU Delegation and embassy staff from the embassies of Australia, Britain, Denmark, Finland, France, Luxemburg, Sweden, and Switzerland. Front Line Defenders' representative was also present at the court.

Upon hearing the sentence, Mr Somyot Prueksakasemsuk's lawyer stated that his client would appeal the decision of the Court.

The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay released a statement on 23 January, expressing her serious concern on the verdict and sentencing of Somyot Pruksakasemsuk, stating that it represents "a setback for the protection and promotion of human rights in Thailand" and "a disturbing trend in which lese-majesty charges are used for political purposes". The High Commissioner also expressed concern over the length of the human rights defender's pre-trial detention, whose bail requests were denied 12 times by the courts.

The European Union also issued a statement on the sentencing on 23 January, stating that the verdict "seriously undermines the right to freedom of expression and press freedom". The EU furthemore urged the Thai authorities "to ensure that any limitation of fundamental rights is applied in a proportional manner consistent with upholding universal human rights".

Front Line Defenders believes that this verdict and excessively harsh sentencing is solely motivated by Somyot Prueksakasemsuk's legitimate and peaceful work as a prominent labour and human rights defender in Thailand, and urges the Thai authorities to ensure its reversal.

Front Line Defenders also reiterates its concerns regarding due process irregularities throughout the trial of Somyot Prueksakasemsuk, in direct contravention of international law, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Thailand is a party.

The Thai Criminal Court has postponed the next hearing in the trial of human rights defender Mr Somyot Prueksakasemsuk until 19 December 2012.

The hearing had been scheduled to take place on 19 September, during which it was expected a date for the verdict would have been announced.

Somyot Prueksakasemsuk is a human rights defender and a labour rights activist. He has been in detention since 30 May 2011 and is charged with contravening Section 112 of the Thai Criminal Code, commonly known as the lèse majesté law. All 11 bail applications submitted by his lawyer thus far have been rejected by the court.

According to information received, the hearing has been postponed due to the complaint lodged by Somyot Prueksakasemsuk's lawyer to the Constitutional Court asking the Court to determine whether or not the lèse majesté law is constitutional. The Criminal Court must now wait for the Constitutional Court's ruling before reaching a verdict.

Front Line Defenders has called on the Thai authorities on a number of occasions to, at the very minimum, grant Somyot Prueksaksemsuk his right to bail in line with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Thailand is a party. Given the fact that this delay means that by 19 December 2012 Somyot Prueksaksemsuk will have spent 19 months in detention, Front Line Defenders urgently reiterates its call.

On 15 November 2011, Front Line issued a joint appeal together with 7 other organisations, calling on the Thai authorities to immediately drop all charges against human rights defender Somyot Prueksakasemsuk in Thailand.

Full text of the appeal

We write to you to raise our concerns about the situation of human rights defender and magazine editor Mr Somyot Prueksakasemsuk, who will stand trial on charges of lèse majesté from 21 November 2011 until 4 May 2012.

Somyot Prueksakasemsuk is a longtime labour rights activist and is affiliated with the Democratic Alliance of Trade Unions. He is facing a maximum of 30 years' imprisonment if found guilty.

Somyot Prueksakasemsuk, who is also editor of Voice of the Oppressed (Voice of Taksin), was arrested on 30 April 2011 at Aranyaprathet district, Sa Kaeo Province, and charged with contravening the lèse majesté law or Section 112 of the Thai Criminal Code which states that “whoever defames, insults or threatens the King, the Queen, the Heir-apparent or the Regent, shall be punished with imprisonment of three to fifteen years”. He was detained in Bangkok Special Prison and was reportedly transferred to Sa Kaeo Provincial Court on 12 November 2011. He has been in pre-trial detention for six and a half months since his arrest by Department of Special Investigation officials in April 2011. His fourth bail request was denied on 1 November 2011.

Somyot is known for his active support for the empowerment of the workers' movement and the right to freedom of association both in Thailand and internationally. Somyot’s arrest on 30 April came only five days after he held a press conference in Bangkok launching a campaign to collect 10,000 signatures to petition for a parliamentary review of Section 112 of the Criminal Code, which Somyot claims contradicts democratic and human rights principles. According to a document produced by the Public Prosecutor, Somyot is alleged to have allowed two articles that made negative references to the monarchy to be published in his magazine.

The hearings involving the Prosecution witnesses will take place on 21 November 2011, 19 December 2011, 16 January 2012, and 13 February 2012 in the provinces of Sa Kaeo, Petchabun, Nakorn Sawan, and Songkla, respectively, while the Defence witnesses will be called to appear before Bangkok Criminal Court on 18-20 April 2012, 24-26 April 2012, and 1-4 May 2012.

We are concerned that the venues of the hearings for the Prosecution witnesses are all held outside Bangkok in different provinces across the northern, northeastern, and southern provinces of Thailand, which will place an undue burden on Somyot and his family and undermine his fair trial rights. This may also prevent the full presence and participation of trial observers, diplomatic corps, and journalists.

We are further disturbed that if Somyot’s application for bail continues to be denied until the conclusion of the trial, he will have been in prison for over a year before a verdict is reached, since the trial is expected to last until at least 4 May 2012. This is in violation of the constitutional guarantee for a right to bail under Section 40 (7) of the 2007 Thai Constitution, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) which Thailand has ratified, and Principles 36-39 of the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment (1988).

The Truth for Reconciliation Commission of Thailand (TRCT), in its second report, also emphasised that “a temporary release…is a fundamental right of accused persons and defendants in order to enable accused persons and defendants to defend their cases, to prove innocence and to reduce effects from the restriction of freedoms on themselves and families.” Under national and international law, the right to bail can only be restricted on limited and precisely defined grounds. The authorities have yet to provide an adequate justification for his continued detention or an explanation as to why less restrictive and non-custodial measures are not sufficient to ensure his appearance at trial and non-tampering with evidence.

Our organisations are alarmed by the escalating cases of using lèse majesté law against human rights defenders and dissidents in the years following the military coup d'etat in 2006. Concerns have already been raised, in particular regarding the ongoing case of Ms Chiranuch Premchaiporn, Executive Director of Prachatai and a media rights advocate, who is also charged under the lèse majesté law and the 2007 Computer Crimes Act.

On 10 October 2011, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression, Frank La Rue, urged Thailand to urgently amend lèse majesté laws (Section 112 of the Penal Code and the 2007 Computer Crimes Act)1. As emphasized by the Special Rapporteur, “[t]he threat of a long prison sentence and vagueness of what kinds of expression constitute defamation, insult, or threat to the monarchy, encourage self-censorship and stifle important debates on matters of public interest, thus putting in jeopardy the right to freedom of opinion and expression”.

Concerns regarding lèse majesté laws were also raised during the consideration of the situation of human rights in Thailand through the UN Universal Periodic Review in Geneva on 7 October 2011.

We call on the authorities in Thailand to:

1. Immediately drop all charges against Somyot Prueksakasemsuk, or else, grant him the right to bail in accordance with fair trial standards under domestic and international law;

2. Review the lèse majesté law to ensure its conformity with Thailand's international human rights obligations, as recommended by the UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and immediately drop all charges against human rights defenders based on these laws;

3. Guarantee in all circumstances that all human rights defenders in Thailand, especially those working on freedom of expression, are able to carry out their legitimate human rights activities without fear of reprisals and free of all restrictions, including judicial harassment.

We respectfully remind you that the United Nations Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted by consensus by the UN General Assembly on 9 December 1998, recognises the legitimacy of the activities of human rights defenders, their right to freedom of association and calls on States to ensure that they can carry out their activities without fear of reprisals.

We would particularly draw attention to Article 6: “Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others: (c) To study, discuss, form and hold opinions on the observance, both in law and in practice, of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and, through these and other appropriate means, to draw public attention to those matters”, and to Article 12: “(1) Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to participate in peaceful activities against violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms. (2) The State shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection by the competent authorities of everyone, individually and in association with others, against any violence, threats, retaliation, de facto or de jure adverse discrimination, pressure or any other arbitrary action as a consequence of his or her legitimate exercise of the rights referred to in the present Declaration.”

Yours sincerely,

Mary Lawlor, Director, Front Line Defenders

Arjan van der Wall, Programme Director, Protection International

Ineke Zeldenrust, International Coordinator, Clean Clothes Campaign

Yap Swee Seng, Executive Director, Asian Forum on Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)

Souhyr Belhassen, President, International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)

Gerald Staberock, Secretary General, World Organisation against Torture (OMCT)

Gail Davidson, Executive Director, Lawyers' Rights Watch – Canada (LRWC)

Gayathry Venkiteswaran, Executive Director, Southeast Asia Press Alliance (SEAPA)